Common Animal Questions and Answers

Common Animal Questions and Answers The animal kingdom is fascinating and often inspires a number of questions from both the young and old. Why do zebras have stripes? How do bats locate prey? Why do some animals glow in the dark? Find answers to these and other intriguing questions about animals. Why Do Some Tigers Have White Coats? Researchers from Chinas Peking University have discovered that white tigers owe their unique coloration to a gene mutation in the pigment gene SLC45A2. This gene inhibits the production of red and yellow pigments in white tigers but does not appear to alter black. Like orange Bengal tigers, white tigers have distinctive black stripes. The SLC45A2 gene has also been associated with light coloration in modern Europeans and in animals such as fish, horses, and chickens. The researchers advocate for the possible reintroduction of white tigers into the wild. Current white tiger populations only exist in captivity as wild populations were hunted out in the 1950s. Do Reindeer Really Have Red Noses? A study published in the BMJ-British Medical Journal reveals why reindeer have red noses. Their noses are abundantly supplied with red blood cells through the nasal microcirculation. Microcirculation is the flow of blood through tiny blood vessels. Reindeer noses have a high density of blood vessels that supply a high concentration of red blood cells to the area. This helps to increase oxygen to the nose and to control inflammation and regulate temperature. The researchers used infrared thermal imaging to visualize the reindeers red nose. Why Do Some Animals Glow In the Dark? Some animals can emit light naturally due to a chemical reaction in their cells. These animals are called bioluminescent organisms. Some animals glow in the dark to attract mates, to communicate with other organisms of the same species, to lure prey, or to expose and distract predators. Bioluminescence occurs in invertebrates such as insects, insect larvae, worms, spiders, jellyfish, dragonfish, and squid. How Do Bats Use Sound to Locate Prey? Bats use echolocation and a process called active listening to locate prey, typically insects. This is particularly helpful in clustered environments where sound can bounce off of trees and leaves making it more difficult to locate prey. In active listening, bats adjust their vocal cries emitting sounds of variable pitch, length, and repetition rate. They can then determine details about their environment from the returning sounds. An echo with a sliding pitch indicates a moving object. Intensity flickers indicate a fluttering wing. Time delays between cry and echo indicate distance. Once its prey has been identified, the bat emits cries of increasing frequency and decreasing duration to pinpoint its preys location. Finally, the bat emits what is known as the final buzz (rapid succession of cries) before capturing its prey. Why Do Some Animals Play Dead? Playing dead is an adaptive behavior used by a number of animals including mammals, insects, and reptiles.  This behavior, also called thanatosis, is most often employed as a defense against predators, a means to catch prey, and as a way of avoiding sexual cannibalism during the mating process. Are Sharks Color Blind? Studies on shark vision suggest that these animals may be completely color blind. Using a technique called microspectrophotometry, researchers were able to identify cone visual pigments in shark retinas. Of the 17 shark species studied, all had rod cells but only seven had cone cells. Of the shark species that had cone cells, only a single cone type was observed. Rod and cone cells are the two main types of light sensitive cells in the retina. While rod cells can not distinguish colors, cone cells are capable of color perception. However, only eyes with different spectral types of cone cells can distinguish different colors. Since sharks appear to have only a single cone type, it is believed that they are totally color blind. Marine mammals such as whales and dolphins also have only a single cone type. Why Do Zebras Have Stripes? Researchers have developed an interesting theory as to why zebras have stripes. As reported in the Journal of Experimental Biology, zebras stripes help to ward off biting insects such as horseflies. Also known as tabanids, horseflies use horizontally polarized light to direct them toward the water for laying eggs and to locate animals. The researchers state that horseflies are more attracted to horses with dark hides than those with white hides. They concluded that the development of white stripes prior to birth helps to make zebras less attractive to biting insects. The study indicated that the polarization patterns of reflected light from zebra hides were consistent with stripe patterns that were least attractive to horseflies in tests. Can Female Snakes Reproduce Without Males? Some snakes are capable of reproducing asexually by a process called parthenogenesis. This phenomenon has been obeserved in boa constrictors as well as in other animals including some species of shark, fish, and amphibians. In parthenogenesis, an unfertilized egg develops into a distinct individual. These babies are genetically identical to their mothers. Why Dont Octopuses Get Tangled in Their Tentacles? Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers have made an interesting discovery that helps answer the question of why an octopus doesnt get tangled up in its tentacles. Unlike in the human brain,  the octopus brain does not map out the coordinates of its appendages. As a result, octopuses dont know where their arms are exactly. To prevent the octopuss arms from grabbing the octopus, its suckers will not attach to the octopus itself. The researchers state that an octopus produces a chemical in its skin that temporarily prevents the suckers from grabbing. It was also discovered that an octopus can override this mechanism when necessary as evidenced by its ability to grab an amputated octopus arm. Sources: Cell Press. White tiger mystery solved: Coat color produced by single change in pigment gene. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 May 2013. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130523143342.htm).BMJ-British Medical Journal. Experts discover why Rudolphs nose is red. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 December 2012. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121217190634.htm).Chanut F (2006) The Sound of Dinner. PLoS Biol 4(4): e107. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040107.Springer ScienceBusiness Media. Are sharks color blind?. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 January 2011. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110118092224.htm).The Journal of Experimental Biology. How the zebra got its stripes. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 9 February 2012. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120209101730.htm).Cell Press. How octopuses dont tie themselves in knots. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 May 2014. (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140515123254.htm).

McCarthyism essays

McCarthyism essays McCarthyism gets its name from United States Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, a Republican of Wisconsin. He became front-page news in 1950, when he publicly charged that more than two hundred secret Communists had infiltrated the Department of State. While conducting a militant anti-Communist campaign, communist advances in Eastern Europe and China,Senator McCarthy pursued an investigation of communist subversion in all walks of life. His usually baseless accusations ruined the careers of many distinguished citizens. This is similar in comparison with the Salem witch trials that took place back in 1692. Witchcraft was a big deal to the people back then. If you were accused of it and did not confess, it was your own death bed. In 1954, he brought charges of subversion against the U.S. Army. When the Army responded by charging Senator McCarthy with improper conduct, his breath taking tactics were revealed on national television during a thirty-six day hearing. In the same year, with his influence lessening, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's fellow senators censured him for behavior contrary to Senate traditions. "McCarthyism" now refers to any witch hunt, or to the persecution of people accused without proper cause, who are forced to conform in order to avoid public condemnation. Just like the Salem witch trials. People were accused for crimes they didn't commit just because they were around or near a strange event or they had a very thin red line with their neighbors. Some accused others for profits, others just to get rid of their "awful" neighbors. In 1950 the United States was concerned with the threat of communism. Hatred of communist influences within the country increased as FBI director J. Edgar Hoover announced that there were 55,000 party members and 500,000 sympathizers active within the U.S. the Senate appointed a special committee to investigate charges of communist activity in the Sta ...

Corporate Manslaughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Manslaughter - Essay Example If the director or senior manager is found guilty then the company is also found guilty. But if the director or senior manager is found to be innocent then even the company is found to be innocent. (Bergman, 2003) Involuntary manslaughter is when someone kills without actually intending to cause death or serious hurt but was blameworthy in some way. There are multiple categories of manslaughter. There is also a concept of gross negligence manslaughter. According to the Crown Prosecution Service there are various factors to be taken into consideration before a company can be prosecuted for gross negligence manslaughter. The first factor to be considered is that there was a duty of care owed by the accused to the deceased. The second factor to be proved is that there was a breach of duty of care by the charged. The third factor to be proved is that the death of the deceased was caused by the breach of duty of care by the accused. The fourth important factor to be considered is that the breach of duty of care by the accused was big enough to be characterised as gross negligence and therefore an offense. Under the current law it is mandatory to identify a specific individual as a controlling mind who is personally guilty of manslaughter. ... This is the biggest stumbling block in trying to prove corporate manslaughter. In spite of very serious failures by the directors and senior managers of large companies it has been very difficult to prosecute them. One of the reasons is that large companies frequently assign safety decisions to junior managers or to outside agencies. (Bergman, 2003) In the past some large companies have been charged for manslaughter but unfortunately all the cases have failed. The Herald of Free enterprise sank off the coast of Zeeburgge in March 1987 shortly after it had left the port with its bow doors open. The trail collapsed during its initial stages. The judge ruled that there was no sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of the directors or senior managers which possibly could have resulted in the disaster in which 193 passengers were killed. (Bergman, 2003) The Southall rail crash occurred in September 1997 on the Great Western Railway Line at Southall. Six people were killed and over a 150 people were injured. The crash occurred when 1032 Great Western Intercity from Swansea to London Paddington which was operating with a defective Automatic Warning System indicator went through a red signal and collided with a goods train (Southall Rail Crash, 2006). The company was exonerated of corporate manslaughter after Scott Baker J ruled that the liability of manslaughter can only be imposed on the company on the principle of identification. (Simester and Sullivan, 2002) The Crown Prosecution Service tried to impeach the company without prosecuting any individual director or manager. But due to the court ruling the case could not go ahead on this basis. The company was fined 1.5 million pounds after it pleaded guilty to

Enterprise infrastructure Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise infrastructure - Article Example The deal will give AT&T an opportunity to reorganize the video entertainment industry. It will have the capacity to offer new data bundles and provide content to customers using different screens such as laptops, mobile devices, and TVs. The company’s preference on DirecTV is because of its premier brand in television subscription, content relationships, and its fast growth rate. DirecTV has more than 20 million subscribers compared to the 5 million subscribers of AT&T’s U-verse television service. The satellite provider owns the NFL Sunday Ticket package for out of market football games that will also add value to AT&T. AT&T is eager in experimenting new methods of video distribution. It will satisfy the customers who want to enjoy television on big screens, have TV on their smartphones on a Netflix style, or any other way possible. The approval of the deal will provide AT&T with growth opportunities due to the increased television revenues. Upon the deal’s approval by the regulators, it will be part of the continued wave consolidation in the telecommunication and television industries. Comcast, the country’s largest cable provider, also awaits a regulatory approval to merge with TWC. The parent wireless company provider Sprint Softbank is in efforts to acquire T-Mobile. Paul Gallant, a Guggenheim Partners analyst describes the situation as an arms race. The acquisition will create a content distribution leader in video, mobile, and broadband platforms. The companies would have to face competitive disadvantages and to merge them as a single entity will increase their competitiveness. To demonstrate the acquisition advantage, DirecTV satellites cannot provide the high internet speed connections that many customers prefer, of which AT&T can. In an attempt to lure the Washington regulators to approve the deal, their Sunday presentation asserts that the hybrid company will provide internet connections to areas that lack. The statement will

Comparison of How it happened and The Signalman Essay Example for Free

Comparison of How it happened and The Signalman Essay The atmosphere in How it happened is full of mystery and energy. The plot moves very quickly, imitating the speed of the automobile as in the story it is said the automobile has a horse power of thirty, Then I remember the big motor, with its glaring headlights and litter of polished brass, waiting for me outside. It was my thirty-horse-power Robur, which had only been delivered that day. It also emphasises the lack of control the driver has over it. Whereas the atmosphere in The Signalman creates both suspense and mystery. The appearances of the spirit help to create suspense as we anticipate them to lead us to the climax. However, we find out at the end of the story that the signalman was getting premonitions of his own death. The appearances are really red herrings as it is the signalman himself who dies. Whereas the biggest red herring in How it happened is how the narrator speaks from memory in the first person, fooling us into believing he must still be alive. This makes the twist at the end so much more powerful. The difference of experience between the first time reader, who is fooled into believing the narrator must still be alive and the 2nd time reader who is able to pick out things that are ironic, for example, I can live it again. The 2nd time reader knows hes dead when hes saying it. Dickens creates a strong atmosphere through the characterisation of his characters as well as his long complex sentences that can be difficult to understand. This is because of the 150 year cultural gap of reading the story. This makes differences with the way we read the story. For example, The monstrous thought came into my mind, as I perused the fixed eyes and the saturnine face, that this was a spirit, not a man. The word monstrous meant abnormal in 1866. This also shows Dickenss effort to create psychological state. He also describes things very ambiguously, for example, I resumed my downward way, and stepping out upon the level of the railroad, and drawing nearer to him, saw that he was a dark sallow man, with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows. His post was in as solitary and dismal a place as ever I saw. The words underlined make the signalman difficult to imagine because if everything is dark, you would not be able to make out his features. The title How it happened is deliberately allusive to draw the reader in. But, it does immediately introduce suspense as we wonder what it refers to. Whereas the title The Signalman conveys urgency. The characterisation created in How it happened is that the narrator characterises himself as a risk taker, admitting one often does foolish things to the reader. This adds to his sense of honesty but also makes us question his decision taking. Also, it provides tension between two ways of behaving which should interest us. Whereas the characterisation created in The Signalman is a bit different because both the characters remain shrouded in mystery and this adds to the sense of curiosity that surrounds the story. We dont know the protagonist intimately to picture him in our mind. The themes in The Signalman include death, the supernatural and reason. Dickens sometimes uses the convention of quotation marks and sometimes does not. This reflects the contrasts of rationality and supernatural goings on. The narrator tries to give reasons to the visions that the signalman has, yet the final image of the story is of the narrator seeing the image of the signalman and the ghost himself. Dickens cleverly manipulates tension to give the final image the haunting effect. Whereas in How it happened, Arthur Conan Doyle was an apparent rationalist and he believed that after your death, you could continue to live on as a spirit. It was also believed that these spirits could communicate with the living through people known as mediums. This belief is present in the story where the narrator has survived his death in order to tell us how it happened. This idea is given more credit when we know that the story originally started with the line, This story was told to me by a medium . The story How it happened was written in 1918 and involves a high-powered automobile. This suggests to us the story must have been written about the present at the time. It is also set in London. At that time, London was still the centre of an empire and this important as the story involves aspects of modernism. Whereas the setting of The Signalman is important as Dickens goes to a lot of effort to make the story seem ghostly and surreal. Dickens was writing this story involving trains because they were the biggest and finest machines at the time and by writing the story to do with railway system he is challenging it. Dickens was also in a famous train crash. The Signalmans job is a job of life and death. The one in the story has a reputation for being good at the job. The signalman works in a cutting and that the descent into this place is described as if one is descending to the underworld of Greek Mythology. The clammy stone and that fact that it becomes oozoer and wetter helps create this sense. They key aspect of the cutting is its remoteness. The tunnel as well is described as having wet stains, suggesting that this is a place you would not want to visit. This helps to make an eerie atmosphere and makes it easier for us to imagine spirits and other ghostly aspects. The story is an intensely human story about psychological differences between two people whereas How it happened is about dealing with the physical and spirit world. The narrative voice in How it happened is in the first person and we tend to trust its honesty about the first person. This is because the narrator admits to not remembering everything clearly. I can remember some things upon that evening most distinctly, and others are like some vague, broken dreams. This is what makes it so difficult to tell a connected story. This openness suggests we are going to hear the truth. He also blames neither the car nor Perkins for events but himself. I also remember asking Perkins, my chauffeur, how she had gone, and his saying that he thought she was excellent. The ways he says, Perkins, my chauffeur tell us social standing and class of narrator. The narrator gains a ghostly aspect at the end, when we find out he is dead, and this introduces the idea of Spiritualism that is key to the story. Whereas the narrative voice in The Signalman is also in the first person and we find that until the end of the story we are not sure if we can totally trust it. This is because of the ambiguities in the description of things as well as the lack of information about the narrator himself. But we can tell the visitor is a sceptic. He chooses not to believe that the bell was rung by a ghost without proof. I caught at that. Did it ring your bell yesterday evening when I was here, and you went to the door? As readers, we side with the sceptic. The skill of the story is that most people will not agree the bell rang without sound. There is also an additional piece of irony, the sceptic doesnt believe in the ghost but he says the same things the ghost said like Halloa! Although he does tell us that he is a man who had been shut up within narrow limits until at last set free. But it is difficult to understand this because we dont know if hes referring metaphorically to something else or talking as if he has spent a long time in prison.

The Language of Eudora Weltys Losing Battles :: Eudora Welty Losing Battles

The Language of Eudora Welty's Losing Battles In his essay, "The Languages of Losing Battles", Mr. Bass contends that the form of language used by two major characters in Eudora Welty's Losing Battles, Julia Mortimer and Granny Vaughn, serves as a challenge to the "male-authored decrees" (Bass) found throughout the book. Julia's idioms are "teaching, writing, and books," (Bass)while Granny Vaughn, on the other hand, uses oral language to transmit family history. While Julia's province is one of ideas and abstraction in the written word, Granny Vaughn's stories are concrete, empirical, and rooted in actual events and real people. How these two methods of questioning male authority are used by the two characters is discussed at length by Mr. Bass, and this discussion comprises much of the bulk of this article. The "male-authored decrees" challenged by the two women throughout the book are numerous, and Mr. Bass makes use of only a few of these to make his point. In truth, although his thesis is strong and well composed, most this article consists of a rather opaque discussion of biblical symbolism, and how its various applications in the novel relate to Granny Vaughn's "spoken folk myth." In Losing Battles,Julia has "written her own apocrypha" (Bass) on leaves torn from her bible. This is used by Bass as a prototype of written challenge to male authority. In some way, Bass contends, the written word of Julia is a counterweight to Granny's dominance of the family, although Julia's words must be taken for what they are, since she is not alive to interpret them. While the written word "moves outward toward the abstract or conceptual and away from the concrete center," the spoken language of Granny Vaughn and others "draws in close to make the emblematic concrete, familial." (Bass) What exactly this balance does for the furthering of the women's influence in the book is a question that seems to have been left for the reader to answer. Included in the piece is an interesting discussion of "banners and battles," and the way that these images "mark the main conflict of the novel between local and absolute."Bass uses the emblem of "Jack's 'torn sleeve that flowed free from his shoulder like some old flag carried home from far-off battle.' " to represent a convergence of a "banner" with a "battle". Mr. Bass has taken a risk with his attempt to convince his readers that

Article Review Gill, Valerie Essay

In the article â€Å"Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Architects of Female Power† by author Valerie Gill, Ms. Gill attempts to bridge the gap between what appears to be two powerful women of their time with two totally different opinions of the American woman and the type of life they should lead. The author points out the obvious differences of opinions in the writings of the two women, who are related by the way, and the different era in which they write. Catharine Beecher was the great aunt of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and lived and wrote during a time when  a woman working in any other place besides the home was not something that happened often. A woman’s job during this time was to raise children and make the home a warm, inviting space that had functionality that would allow for â€Å"separate spheres† for the men and women, allowing the men to have a place to discuss outside ventures and women to have a place to deal with domestic matters. Charlotte Perkins Gilman on the other hand, lived during a period where productivity was happening in factories all over the country. Her feminist attempt to undo her  great aunt’s idea that women should be assigned to only the home made it appear that the two women had absolutely nothing in common when it came to the ideas on how women should be viewed socially. Gill points out how the two very different opinions actually have many things in common. Both women agree that the role of women is very important to the health of society, even though they disagree on what their roles should be. By suggesting that each writer knows what is the best arrangement for women to experience shows another similarity between the two writers. As  pointed out by Gill, â€Å"Both writers conceptualize the identity of women in spatial as well as socioeconomic terms, assuming that the fulfillment of their own sex can be quite literally mapped out†. The author makes a point that even though their opinions of what is ideal are very different, the idea that there is one way to make women live a full life is exactly the same. Both women also had the common conclusion that the woman’s place, whether it is in the home working or in the factory working, would make a great impact on the society. Architectural ideas as to better society are another thing these two authors had in common, as  pointed out by Gill in the article. The elder author Beecher would make drawings in her articles about staging the home and using dividers as a way to make more areas in the home, and Gilman, being concerned about the lives led by farmer’s wives, included drawings of a farming community shaped like a pie that had common areas to share, as to make life easier for them. Interesting enough, Gill included in her article a picture of a drawing done by Beecher, along with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe, later in life of a block of houses with common areas used  to house the â€Å"homeless, helpless, and vicious† which very much resembled Gilman’s block community idea where people shared common spaces and so that some women could take care of the children and household duties while others went out in the community to work. This is an excellent example of Beecher thinking like Gilman in the mixing of public and private space. It is my opinion that the aging Beecher was beginning to think out of the box. This article was insightful and gave a great example of how people with a difference of opinion can actually be thinking the same. If one just read the two women’s writings without an open mind, one would think they were completely different and had totally different ideas. Valerie Gill allowed the reader of the article to view a situation such as this one in a different way and to keep an open mind and read between the lines of any writings. I would have liked to have seen her go on and discuss the idea that some women may belong at home and some may belong in the workforce. I believe that every woman has a different situation to consider and what is important to one woman may not be important to another.

Xcom100 Conflict Management Summary

Xcom/100 Introduction to communication Types of conflict There are several types of conflict. Within our reading it discussed eight different types of conflict. Interpersonal conflict is one type of conflict which is a struggle that happens when two people cannot agree upon a way to meet their needs. Construtive conflict is when there is cooperation regarding the issues and helps build tools to fix the problems at hand. Destructive conflict is the lack of cooperation in dealing with the issues and breaks up relationships forever.Pseudo conflict is just a misunderstanding a meaning of something portrayed from the opposing party involved. Simple conflict is a basic difference in ideas, definitions, perceptions, or goals. Ego conflict is a personal issue and then the parties involved start attacking the others self esteem. Serial arguments are the same arguments that occur over and over again. Irresolvable conflict is when one or both of the parties involved think that the issue is impo ssible to resolve. Every conflict has some style of management which are non-confrontational, confrontational, or cooperative.Non-confrontational style is basically when one person completely backs off avoiding the conflict all together and giving into the other party involved. Confrontational style is a win lose scenario in which one party wants control and to essentially win the argument at the expense of the other. Cooperative style is viewed as both parties want to reach an agreement and come to a solution to the problem at hand. An effective conflict should be managed and problem solving tools should be used so both parties end up in a win, win outcome. There are certain skills that help out in conflict management.Managing emotions and being able to make logical decisions about the conflict is important. Select a acceptable time and place to discuss the issue, plan your message, manage your nonverbal message, refrain from using profanity and lashing out, and last remember to us e self talk. Managing your emotions is often a struggle, but escalating the situation will never help resolve a conflict. By managing your information such as clearly describing the issue, owning your faults, listening and understanding what others say and do are also important skills. Identify what your goals are as well as your partners and see where they overlap.Both of you obviously want to obtain these goals so finding a way so both parties can achieve their goals is important. Managing the problem is an important skill to have. This enables you to be able to define and then solve the problem, think of all possible outcomes or solutions, and discuss the pros and cons of the problem at hand. My style of management is without a doubt non-confrontational. When I was reading our material this week I actually stopped reading and told my girlfriend to read this because it was definitely me. A couple of the five types of responses I can relate with.I like to distract with jokes confli ct and face the issues. I know that the problem will continue to resurface if not dealt with, but I continue to try and postpone it. Another style is called computing which I also do as I avoid emotional involvement even under pressure. I respond to emotional situations with words and phrases rather than empathy to a situation. I don’t really give in when faced with conflict although I don’t want to deal with it. I have gotten much better at managing conflict and my emotions throughout the last five or ten years because I have got help concerning these issues among others.

Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising from a deontological point of view Essay Example

Direct Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising from a deontological point of view Essay Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising from a deontological point of view Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising from a deontological point of view Direct-to-consumer advertising or DTC advertising refers to the mode of marketing that involves mainly medical products. The primary targets of direct to consumer advertising are the patients rather than the healthcare experts or other stakeholders. DTC advertising is regulated by the Food and Drugs Administration agency that sets out the annual revised guidelines for pharmaceutical drug promotion. The most common forms of DTC advertising feature on radio, TV, print and other forms of media. Currently, only the United States and New Zealand have legalized DTC advertising. DTC drug advertising had experienced various scandals in USA, such as in 2004 when Vioxx was withdrawn from the market, after safety alerts were issued over its consumption. The Kant approach toward direct-to-consumer drug marketing, seeks to understand the intentions of the pharmaceutical companies and to determine if their actions are pure. These companies have two motives in engaging in DTC marketing: one, to market their products and two, to maintain constructive discussion about the drugs with the patients and doctors. These two motives already show a conflict of interest as most of the information is designed not to inform but to sell. The Kantian model stresses the importance of the ability to reason and freedom. The advertisements cunningly lie to the consumers by manipulating their thoughts and hiding the truth about the drug. These companies also aggressively market drugs for non-life threatening diseases such as flu while the drugs for chronic illnesses such as cancer, malaria and AIDS are carefully concealed from the public eye (Arfwedson 14). The main argument against allowing the uncontrolled airing of DTC advertisements on the media is that, they influence sick people to select various brands of medicine that they may not need medically. Most of the advertisements are normally done by professionals and not medical practitioners who understand the consequences of their speech. A cholesterol drug advert hosted by the drug company, Pfizer, recommended patients to take the drug even though each sick patient had their own unique complications. These adverts prompted patients to diagnose themselves that may be fatal for them later. The advertisements can also be sometimes misleading as the drug may not necessarily be able to cure the disease. Although direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceutical drugs is packaged as trying to increase the levels of consumer knowledge among patients, the real intention of DTC advertising is to drive choice among consumers. The drug companies typically attempt to drive the choice of consumers towards expensive brands of drugs. Consumers were most likely to be given a drug if the mentioned it by name. In the modern economy, the medical practitioners are more inclined to provide consumers with the medicine that they demand instead of advising on the best drugs to take. The real culprits in this chain however, are the pharmaceutical companies who persuade doctors to market their drugs (Norris 67). The implementation of direct-to-consumer drug advertising in New Zealand and the United States alone goes a long way in illustrating the delicate nature of this marketing. These two countries have some of the highest rates of literacy that means that a large part of the population can understand the risk, benefits and consequences of DTC drug marketing. The two countries are also economically sound which means that the consumers have the purchasing power to support the market niche. Lastly, both New Zealand and the USA have strong agencies that are responsible for the safe administration of the DTC drug advertising. A section of medical practitioners and economists has argued that direct-to-consumer drug marketing increases the burden on the taxpayer unfairly. The aggressive marketing of expensive drugs directly to consumers has increased the amount of purchases made by sick people. The issue of the increased cost of acquiring medical assistance has also been covered within the current USA healthcare plan proposed by Obama. The new plan receives most of its funds from schemes such as the direct-to-consumer drug advertising and therefore, even the new Obama government may not be ready to reform the regulations controlling DTC drug advertising. The citizens of the US and New Zealand may continue suffering in the hands of the private medical sector. Direct-to-consumer drug advertising has also exposed consumers to many pharmaceutical products that may not necessarily be approved by the FDA. DTC drug marketing has introduced new products such as fillers and gels that had undergone approval deliberations by the FDA. However, in the private medical domain, the usage of gels and fillers in cosmetic surgery is a common procedure despite the cancer risks associated with including such substances into the body. Direct-to-consumer advertising has therefore promoted off-label uses that expose the patients to more medical complications. Individuals and organizations are bound to do what is morally right in spite of the consequences. Modern doctors have instead placed economic priorities as the key guiding factor in their profession (Brekke 145). The advent of direct-to-consumer drug marketing can be said to have contributed greatly towards the overall economies of USA and New Zealand. From the time of inception of DTC drug advertisement, the health sectors in both countries have witnessed increased income from the purchase of drugs by patients. This increased income can be used by the government to improve the living conditions and health standards in the countries that will translate into lower mortality rates, infection rates and increased life expectancies. Using this argument, the DTC approach to bringing more pharmaceutical information to the consumers can be argued as being highly moral and economically beneficial (Mintzes 76-9). Work cited Arfwedson, Jacob. Who Wants to Know? Direct-to-consumer Advertising and Patient Information. S.l.: Center for Medicine in the Public Interest, 2008. Print. Brekke, Kurt R. Direct to Consumer Advertising in Pharmaceutical Markets. , 2005. Accessed on 31 August 2012. Retrieved from http://heb.rokkan.uib.no/publications/files/87-Notat09_03.pdf Mintzes, Barbara. Direct-to-consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in Canada: What Are the Public Health Implications? Toronto: Health Council of Canada, 2006. Accessed on 31 August 2012. Retrieved from healthcouncilcanada.ca/tree/2.38-hcc_dtc-advertising_200601_e_v6.pdf Norris, Rebecca L. The Effects of Videographics and Information Delivery Style on Attention and Recognition in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising. Columbia, Mo: University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. Accessed on 31 August 2012. Retrieved from https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/5757/research.pdf?sequence=3

SUNY at Purchase College Admissions and Acceptance Rate

SUNY at Purchase College Admissions and Acceptance Rate Students applying to SUNY at Purchase College will need to submit, along with an application, high school transcripts, SAT or ACT scores, and a personal essay. For complete instructions and information about applying, be sure to visit Purchases website, or contact the admissions office. With an acceptance rate of 44  percent, the school seems selective; still, those with good grades and test scores have a good chance of being admitted. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) SUNY Purchase Acceptance Rate: 44  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Purchase College AdmissionsTest Scores:  25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 500 / 610SAT Math: 470 / 570What These SAT Numbers MeanSUNY SAT Comparison TableACT Composite: 20  / 27ACT English: 21 / 29ACT Math: 19 / 26What These ACT Numbers MeanSUNY ACT Comparison Table SUNY at Purchase College Description The State University of New York Purchase College occupies a 550-acre campus in Westchester Country, just 35 miles from New York City. The college is unique among the SUNY schools because of its strong conservatory-based arts programs. The college wins high marks for both the arts and the liberal arts and sciences. Purchase College also ranks highly for its educational value. Few high quality conservatory programs come with such low tuition for either in-state or out-of-state applicants. The college is selective, and enrolled students can expect an intense undergraduate experience. The campus is residential with 65 percent of students living on campus, and student life is active with a wide range of clubs, organizations, and intramural sports. On the intercollegiate athletic front, the Purchase College Panthers compete in the NCAA Division III Skyline Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 4,156  (4,053 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44 percent male / 56 percent female91  percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $8,298  (in-state); $18,148  (out-of-state)Books: $1,298  (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,952Other Expenses: $3,215Total Cost: $25,763  (in-state); $35,613 (out-of-state) Purchase College Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 88  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 58 percentLoans: 55 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,153Loans: $6,558 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art History, Dance, Drama, English, Film Production, History, Journalism, Liberal Arts, Music, Psychology, Visual and Performing ArtsWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 81 percentTransfer Out Rate: 25  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 53  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 62  percent Learn About Other SUNY Campuses: Albany  |  Alfred State  |  Binghamton  |  Brockport  |  Buffalo  |  Buffalo State  |  Cobleskill  |  Cortland  |  Env. Science/Forestry  |  Farmingdale  |  FIT  |  Fredonia  |  Geneseo  |  Maritime  |  Morrisville  |  New Paltz  |  Old Westbury  |  Oneonta  |  Oswego  |  Plattsburgh  |  Polytechnic  |  Potsdam  |  Purchase  |  Stony Brook If You Like SUNY Purchase, You May Also Like These Schools: Hofstra University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIthaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHunter College (CUNY): Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBrooklyn College (CUNY): Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphEmerson College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAdelphi University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphQueens College (CUNY): Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Sports   Mens Varsity: Baseball, Basketball, Cross Country, Golf, Lacrosse, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, VolleyballWomens Varsity: Basketball, Cross Country, Lacrosse, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Voleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Watson's theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watson's theory - Assignment Example In this case, more was required, however, and Lisa took it in her own hands to do this. She was able to arrange for the patient to see his beloved dog, and by doing this, she created a feeling of hope in the patient. He was reminded again why he should still try to live—so that he could take care of his beloved pet. Obviously, the dog had become a close family member to him, and he needed to see the dog to feel happy again. Lisa demonstrates the cultivation of sensitivity to others because she was willing to hear out what Mr. E had to say. She took the time to recognize his depression and was caring enough to worry about him. She then took it upon herself to listen to the patient and find out what was bothering him. Her desire to due this demonstrates her willingness to assist the patient as according to Watson’s theory. Lisa did a fabulous job of establishing a trusting relationship with Mr. E. Her desire to sit down and take her time to listen to the patient demonstrates immediately to the patient that she cares. This, in turn, allowed Mr. E to open up to her and trust her, and he did divulge his issues to her. This was key in helping the patient, and Lisa was able to successfully establish a feeling of trust in the patient through her own personal concern. Lisa was able to accept the positivie and negative feelings expressed by the client, and did what she could to overcome the negative feelings. Her ability to arrange for a visit between the dog and the patient allowed her to open up the door to the positive, and thus assisted the patient with gaining a solid feeling of positive hope. Lisa used problem solving methods in figuring out how to cheer up the patient. By arranging for her patient to visit his dog, she was able to overcome the initial problem and allow the patient to feel much more

Ethics and Law in Business and Society. History and Implementation of Research Paper

Ethics and Law in Business and Society. History and Implementation of SOX - Research Paper Example However, there are those who say that the price is not commensurate to the benefits that the law appears to be bringing to the corporate world and especially when it comes to the high compliance costs. History and Implementation of SOX: Following several high profile accounting scandals in the 1990s and particularly the infamous Enron and WorldCom scandals, the ensuing intense soul-searching in the US corporate world concluded that effective safeguards needed to put in place if a repeat of the two scandals was to be completely obviated and if the investor confidence was to be restored. This is how the Public Company Accounting Reform Protection Act, the so-called Sarbanes-Oxley Act was conceived. Enacted in July of 2002, the Sarbanes Oxley Act was informed by need to put an end to corporate scandals and particularly to restore the public confidence in the capital markets (Roberts, & Mahoney, 2004). According to Section 404(a) of this Act, the management ought to not only assess but a lso report on the effectiveness of the business internal controls over financial reporting (Roberts, & Mahoney, 2004). ... There are a number of laws governing SEC, however and after the 1940’s Investment Adviser Act, SOX is arguably SEC’s most recent law that it is charged to oversee. Other than SEC, SOX has implementation power that it exercises through the US Department of Justice whose primary function is to prosecute the federal crimes that are associated with acts like; conspiring or even attempting to commit fraud, verifying false financial statements, destroying or tampering with documents, and retaliating against whistleblowers (Heath, & Norman, 2004). In corroboration with the office of the Attorney General, the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) is charged with the responsibility of investigating crime related with corporate fraud while still retaining its mandate as the only detective agency that can investigate and apprehend those accused of committing corporate bad behavior (Heath, & Norman, 2004). SOX immense power can be looked from its Titles that include; acting as a Pu blic Company Accounting Oversight Body; enforcing the independence of auditors; policing corporate responsibility; improving financial disclosures; analyzing conflict of interest; upholding the accountability of corporate and criminal fraud; and enhancing penalties on white collar crimes (Brannick, & Roche, 1887). According to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC was to adopt rules requiring the management of all companies with publicly traded securities (apart from registered investment companies) to annually report their assessment of the effectiveness of their internal controls as well as an auditor’s independent confirmation of the effectiveness of the said internal controls. Adopted on 27th March 2003, these rules laid out