THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Essay Example For Students

THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Essay Changes in height profoundly affect the human body. The bodyattempts to keep up a condition of homeostasis or parity to guarantee the optimaloperating condition for its mind boggling compound frameworks. Any change from thishomeostasis is a change away from the ideal working condition. The bodyattempts to address this lopsidedness. One such awkwardness is the impact ofincreasing height on the bodys capacity to give satisfactory oxygen to beutilized in cell breath. With an expansion in rise, a typicaloccurrence when ascending mountains, the body is compelled to react in variousways to the adjustments in externalenvironment. Chief of these progressions is the lessened capacity to obtainoxygen from the environment. On the off chance that the versatile reactions to this stressor areinadequate the exhibition of body frameworks may decrease significantly. Ifprolonged the outcomes can be not kidding or even lethal. In taking a gander at the effectof height on body working we initially shoul d comprehend what happens in theexternal condition at higher rises and afterward watch the importantchanges that happen in the inside condition of the body accordingly. We will compose a custom exposition on THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now HIGH ALTITUDEIn examining height change and its impact on the body mountaineersgenerally characterize elevation as indicated by the size of high (8,000 12,000feet), exceptionally high (12,000 18,000 feet), and incredibly high (18,000+ feet),(Hubble, 1995). A typical misperception of the adjustment in outside environmentwith expanded height is that there is diminished oxygen. This is notcorrect as the grouping of oxygen adrift level is about 21% and staysrelatively unaltered until more than 50,000 feet (Johnson, 1988). Is truly happening that the barometrical weight is diminishing andsubsequently the measure of oxygen accessible in a solitary breath of air issignificantly less. Adrift level the barometric weight midpoints 760 mmHgwhile at 12,000 feet it is just 483 mmHg. This lessening altogether atmosphericpressure implies that there are 40% less oxygen particles per breath at thisaltitude contrasted with ocean level (Princeton, 1995). HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEMThe human respiratory framework is answerable for bringing oxygen into thebody and moving it to the phones where it very well may be used for cellularactivities. It additionally expels carbon dioxide from the body. The respiratorysystem draws air at first either through the mouth or nasal entries. Bothof these sections join behind the hard sense of taste to frame the pharynx. At thebase of the pharynx are two openings. One, the throat, prompts thedigestive framework while the other, the glottis, prompts the lungs. Theepiglottis covers the glottis while gulping with the goal that food doesn't enter thelungs. At the point when the epiglottis isn't covering the opening to the lungs air maypass unreservedly into and out of the trachea. The trachea in some cases called the windpipe branches into two bronchi whichin go lead to a lung. Once in the lung the bronchi branch ordinarily intosmaller bronchioles which in the long run end in little sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli that the real exchange of oxygen to the blood takesplace. The alveoli are molded like swelled sacs and trade gas through amembrane. The entry of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of theblood is reliant on three central point: 1) the fractional weight of thegases, 2) the region of the aspiratory surface, and 3) the thickness of themembrane (Gerking, 1969). The layers in the alveoli give a largesurface zone to the free trade of gases. The average thickness of thepulmonary film is not exactly the thickness of a red platelet. Thepulmonary surface and the thickness of the alveolar layers are notdirectly influenced by an adjustment in height. The fractional weight of oxygen,however, is straightforwardly identified with elevation and influences gas move in thealveoli. GAS TRANSFERTo comprehend gas move it is critical to initially comprehend somethingabout thebehavior of gases. Each gas in our environment applies its own weight andacts autonomously of the others. Subsequently the term incomplete weight alludes tothe commitment of each gas to the whole weight of the environment. Theaverage weight of the climate adrift level is around 760 mmHg. This implies the weight is incredible enough to help a section of mercury(Hg) 760 mm high. To calculate the fractional weight of oxygen you start with thepercentage of oxygen present in the environment which is about 20%. Thusoxygen will comprise 20% of the all out air pressure at any givenlevel. Adrift level the all out air pressure is 760 mmHg so the partialpressure of O2 would be roughly 152 mmHg. 760 mmHg x 0.20 = 152 mmHgA comparative calculation can be made for CO2 in the event that we realize that the concentrationis around 4%. The incomplete weight of CO2 would then be about 0.304mmHg adrift level. Gas move at the alveoli adheres to the standard of basic dissemination. Diffusionis development of atoms along a fixation inclination from a region of highconcentration to a zone of lower focus. Dissemination is the outcome ofcollisions between particles. In regions of higher focus there are morecollisions. The net impact of this more prominent number of crashes is a movementtoward a zone of lower focus. In Table 1 it is evident that theconcentration inclination favors the dissemination of oxygen into and carbon dioxideout of the blood (Gerking, 1969). Table 2 shows the reduction in partialpressure of oxygen at expanding elevations (Guyton, 1979). Table 1 ATMOSPHERIC AIRALVEOLUSVENOUS BLOODOXYGEN152 mmHg (20%)104 mmHg (13.6%) 40 mmHgCARBON DIOXIDE 0.304 mmHg (0.04%)40 mmHg (5.3%) 45 mmHgTable 2ALTITUDE (ft.) BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (mmHg)Po2 IN AIR (mmHg)Po2 IN ALVEOLI(mmHg) ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION (%)0 760159*104 9710,000523 110 67 9020,000349 73 40 7030,000226 47 21 2040,000141 29 8550,00087 18 11*this worth varies from table 1 on the grounds that the creator utilized the incentive for theconcentration of O2 as 21%. The creator of table 1 decide to utilize the incentive as 20%. Cell RESPIRATIONIn a typical, non-focused on express, the respiratory framework transports oxygenfrom the lungs to the cells of the body where it is utilized in the process ofcellular breath. Under ordinary conditions this vehicle of oxygen issufficient for the requirements of cell breath. Cell respirationconverts the vitality in concoction bonds into vitality that can be utilized to powerbody forms. Glucose is the atom regularly used to fuel this processalthough the body is fit for utilizing other natural particles for vitality. The exchange of oxygen to the body tissues is frequently called internalrespiration (Grollman, 1978). The procedure of cell breath is acomplex arrangement of compound advances that eventually take into consideration the breakdown ofglucose into usable vitality as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Thethree primary strides in the process are: 1) glycolysis, 2) Krebs cycle, and 3)electron vehicle framework. Oxygen is required for these procedures to functionat an effective level. Without the nearness of oxygen the pathway for energyproduction must continue anaerobically. Anaerobic breath in some cases calledlactic corrosive maturation delivers essentially less ATP (2 rather than 36/38)and because of this incredible wastefulness will rapidly debilitate the accessible supplyof glucose. Hence the anaerobic pathway is anything but a perpetual answer for theprovision of vitality to the body without adequate oxygen. The flexibly of oxygen to the tissues is reliant on: 1) the productivity withwhich blood is oxygenated in the lungs, 2) the proficiency of the blood indelivering oxygen to the tissues, 3) the effectiveness of the respiratoryenzymes inside the phones to move hydrogen to sub-atomic oxygen (Grollman,1978). A lack in any of these regions can bring about the body cells nothaving a sufficient flexibly of oxygen. It is this insufficient gracefully of oxygenthat brings about challenges for the body at higher heights. .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .postImageUrl , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:hover , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:visited , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:active { border:0!important; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:active , .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabe65ac72946b05281fe57a23321df5c:hover .ctaButt

British economy in the 1930s essays

English economy in the 1930's expositions How far can the fortunes of the British economy during the 1930s be clarified as far as British mechanical decrease? After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the economy of those nations subject to exchange crumbled because of the emergency in America. England was one of these nations. The point of this article is to set up the degree of the impact that Britains industry had on her economy after this downturn. There is no uncertainty that the securities exchange crash had a significant and lamentable impact on the economy. Somewhere in the range of 1929 and 1931 the estimation of British fares fell by half, and Britain had an exchange deficiency of 100 million. There were additionally 3 million individuals jobless in 1931. The entirety of this demonstrates toward the start of the decade, the British economy was in emergency not due to industry, but since of the breakdown of offer qualities in America. Regardless of this, it was American financial specialists that shaped most of Britains new enterprises, for example, the Ford vehicle organization and the Hoover Corporation. These enterprises, while blasting in the South, completely circumvent the North of the nation, and just gave 7% of work in 1934. In this manner, these more current businesses didn't generally significantly affect he economy all in all. All through the 1930s, joblessness fell. In any case, in spite of the fact that this may seem like a constructive factor of the economy, the quantity of individuals jobless never dipped under 1.5 million, and at its pinnacle was 3 million. This high figure was because of the decay of conventional ventures, for example, coal mining, steel creation and shipbuilding. These were the very enterprises that had permitted Britain to accomplish such a place of intensity in the principal modern upheaval. Notwithstanding, Britains arrangement of free enterprise implied that different nations had the chance to find her, thus expanded rivalry and diminished interest prompted the decrease in work in these zones. This drop... <!

Social Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Psychology - Assignment Example The essayist in this piece acted the manner in which she did because of numerous reasons. She got hitched most likely because she was pregnant. In any case if society had not caused her to feel awful about being single and pregnant, she may have acted in an unexpected way. The accord among her and Simon was a consent to get hitched. The author attempted to reliably coexist with Bernice, however particularly left her significant other after he would not take up for her. Simon acted the manner in which he did on the grounds that he didn't need either his significant other or mother frantic at him. It is genuine he can't control his mother’s activities, yet he can control his. On the off chance that he needs his mom to quit mishandling the essayist verbally, Simon could make some noise. It is his mom. All the circumstance would have taken was a â€Å"Mom this isn't the time† at the wedding or birth of his child. A â€Å"I was there when she got pregnant too† would have likewise worked. Simon is evidently too terrified to even consider saying these things. Bernice most likely acted along these lines because of sentiments of deserting, or control issues. At the point when a man gets hitched a mother can feel like she is losing her child. Most moms manage it, however some don't. Bernice was off the mark. She was acting naturally focused and not thinking about the joy of her child or grandson. The answer for this issue is Simon confronts his mom, or the author gets a separation. The dismal part is separate is almost certain. It is hard for a kid, even developed, to go to bat for themselves.

Water Essays - Hydrology, Hydraulic Engineering, Water Management

Water Preservation The City of Tucson is presently utilizing undeniably more water than it is supplanting. Alternatives and plans to take care of this issue later on are seriously restricted as a result of the way that Tucson, Arizona is desert land. With the populace constantly developing, and each populant ceaselessly utilizing more water, something should be finished. The main answer that can be quickly placed energetically is water protection. This arrangement can be rehearsed by people, partnerships affiliations, and numerous others - individuals need to understand that they have to help now. Through research, this paper uncovers the particular reasons that individuals need to ration water presently, gives some knowledge to enable the peruser to get why the water will run out, and tells the peruser how they can support now. Presentation Water is the wellspring of all life, particularly in a desert network, for example, Tucson, Arizona - where the state's normal precipitation is under 10 inches a year (2c). Water is the explanation that people had the option to settle in the Southwest, also, without it, the incredible city of Tucson would be non-existant. People additionally have to understand that this gracefully of water is significant and restricted, and unfit to bolster this district uncertainly. Since we, the nearby inhabitants of Tucson, are right now utilizing undeniably more groundwater than we are supplanting (8), thought also, arranging should be tended to through monitoring this valuable provider of life, water. MATERIALS AND METHODS In looking for materials applicable to my subject, I was confronted with a few choices. To start with, Dr. James Riley gave me two or three helpful telephone numbers: one, to contact the Pima Relationship of Governments - (520) 792-1093 - and the other, the Arizona Division of Environmental Quality - 1-800-234-5677. Every wa very supportive and offered to send me data through the mail, yet my time length would not permit this. So at that point, I went to the University of Arizona's Sabio Library Reference search, accessible online at http://dizzy.library.arizona.edu/, and discovered various sources accessible by utilizing the catchphrases Tucson, Arizona water preservation. A large number of these were books that I felt were out-dated what's more, deficient to my requirements, so I went to some other web indexes on the web, utilizing a similar watchwords. I found a few accommodating destinations, however the most accommodating was the landing page for Water Resources in the Tucson Basin, accessible at http://ag.arizona.edu/swes/tucwater1/ - I looked down to the zone named web connects to discover modern destinations with the most data accessible on water protection in the Tucson territory. RESULTS In request to imagine the idea that our water flexibly won't keep going forever, one must acknowledge where the water is originating from. As Water words, a quarterly bulletin created by SAWARA, clarified it: Almost all water utilized here originates from an underground spring framed more than a great many long stretches of geologic time. The spring is made up of differing layers of dirts, sands and rock that have been stored in Avra Valley and the bowl which underlies the more prominent metropolitan Tucson and Green Valley region. Considerable volumes of water, collected from long stretches of snowmelt also, precipitation, are contained inside the little spaces encompassing the grains of these residue. (8) This image, appeared on the Water Resources Research Focus WebPages, at http://www.ag.arizona.edu/azwater/(2d) shows a decent outline of the clarification from above. By seeing how these springs framed over a huge number of years, ideally you can relate that they don't rapidly recharge themselves. Along these lines, at the rate people are utilizing the water from the wells dove into these springs, it will before long be gone. So we should understand that there are numerous moves that must be made, the most significant being protection. In look into information introduced by the Tucson Active Management Area, it shows that Tucson is as of now utilizing around 312,000 section of land feet (AF) every year (1a). The significant sources that this water gracefully originates from incorporates groundwater, gushing water, and CAP water. As show by the figure underneath (1b). Water Supplies Used To Meet Demand - 1994 Source Acre-Feet Percent Central Arizona Project 24,000 7.7 Effluent 11,000 3.5 Groundwater 279,000 88.8 (One section of land foot approaches 325,851 gallons.) As one can see, an overwhelmingly huge measure of the water gracefully comes explicitly through groundwater. The very source that is the most hard to renew on the grounds that this groundwater gracefully has collected over a huge number of years. Be that as it may, as the quantity of water clients is quickly expanding each year, just as the measure of water every utilization, it is anything but difficult to infer that this gracefully will in the end

InMotion vs Bluehost Comparison Helping You Make a Flawless Decision

InMotion vs Bluehost Comparison Helping You Make a Flawless Decision .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 17, 2020So you’ve been looking at web hosting services and doing your own research, and you have probably realized that the world of web hosting is humongous.If you’re feeling lost, don’t fret! I’ve researched and written this guide to settle the InMotion vs Bluehost problem once and for all. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert This guide will help you if you are interested in the features between Bluehost or InMotion for WordPress. If that’s not you, you’ll still want to read this guide since you’ll still be interested in uptime, speed, hosting features and prices.Web hosting is necessary for people like you and me. We’re not capable of keeping up with the latest technology to maintain our servers, so we’ll need to hire people to take care of it.Our #1 web hosting pick:Get top rated hosting for as little as$2.64 per Month Claim your discount now! You might also like: BlueHost review InMotion Hosting review InMotion vs BlueHost pricingMost web hosting services compete with each other with their prices. This is something you’ll have to think about with Bluehost vs InMotion. Since most web hosting services offer similar features, cheaper prices usually correlate to better value.Prices can be hard to compare. Most web hosting services offer different tiers. A more expensive tier means more features. The basic tier is the cheapest but also offers the least amount of features.You also have to consider if you want a shared web hosting service or a dedicated web hosting service. Shared web hosting means you are using a server with other people. Dedicated web hosting means you are using one server dedicated for you.Both InMotion and Bluehost offer both. Dedicated web hosting means more mai ntenance and more attention since it is all about you but is way more expensive.Bluehost Now, I want to take a look at the Bluehost vs InMotion WordPress conundrum. If you use WordPress, this section is probably the most important section for you.BluehostBluehost is recommended by WordPress as the top web hosting service. This implies two things.First of all, Bluehost has many features with WordPress that are specific to Bluehost that you will not be able to find with other web hosting services. They probably share their programming secrets with each other so they have control over how each other work.The second thing is Bluehost and WordPress work tightly together. Any new features on WordPress and Bluehost will be the first to know.Does this exclusiveness show? Absolutely. Bluehost allows you to unlock your WordPress website’s potential.Bluehost makes WordPress easy. You get a one-click installation, 24/7 customer support that specializes in WordPress web hosting, immediate upda tes when WordPress has their updates, and a free custom email for your WordPress site.Their speeds and uptime for any WordPress site is dramatically improved too.InMotionIt might be a little hard for InMotion to compete with Bluehost here, but they are no slouch either! They actually have their own specific WordPress web hosting service too.InMotion will also provide 24/7 support and have automatic updates whenever WordPress updates their policies. The specific plan allows for more specialization from the company.Winner: BluehostThere is no real competition when looking at the Bluehost vs InMotion WordPress benefits. InMotion does a great job, but when WordPress has decided to pick a web hosting service to collude with, you pick the web hosting service it is colluding with.BlueHost vs InMotion: conclusionIf you are using or planning to use WordPress, which is a great idea, Bluehost is the web hosting service you want to use.Bluehost still wins for websites that do not use WordPress but the gap is much closer. There is more leeway to choose either if you realize there are add-on features in Bluehost you do not want to pay for. Click here to try BlueHost now Related articles BlueHost vs iPage WPEngine vs BlueHost

Anti-Piracy Policy & Guidance Writing Assignment - 550 Words

Anti-Piracy Policy & Guidance Writing Assignment (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Students NameInstitutional AffiliationAnti-Piracy Policy Guidance1. PurposeThis policy serves the following purposes: * To ensure Mo Tec Service Company uses licensed software * All equipment and software leased or owned by Mo Tec Service Company is licensed * All software licensed by Mo Tec Service Company are not copied and not used against the license agreement.2. ScopeThis policy applies to; * Any premise owned by Mo Tec Service Company where computerized equipment is used. * All the Mo Tec Service Companys employees and service providers, to use the companys information system resources. * All software used in the company to be put under the jurisdiction of Mo Tec Service Company policies.3. Policy3.1. Policy StatementThe Mo Tec Service Company will work to ensure that software used in the company is fully licensed for the reasons it is used for. That use of the non-licensed software is a serious breach that can lead the company to be fined or, a virus at tack can be launched to the IT systems, and this may lead to the loss of the companys reputation. The policies and the guidance are as per the rules set by the FAST - Federation Against Software Theft.3.2. Objectives * To create awareness of the need to use licensed software * Ensuring all software used in the company are well licensed * To provide Mo Tec Service Company is not exposed to the unhealthy environment for using unlicensed software.3.3. Policy OverviewMo Tec Service Company uses a range of property software in its operations. Precaution measures have been put in place to ensure unlicensed software is not used within the companys premise. All employers are to be informed on the possible outcome of using unlicensed software. The managers are to introduce gadgets that can detect and block unlicensed software.4. Policy RequirementsThe Mo Tec Service Companys information system will be fixed with gadgets to prevent and block the use of unlicensed software.4.1. Installing S oftware * For any software to be fixed, the IT department must be informed. * All downloaded software must be done with the IT department * Any software under the management of Mo Tec Service Company, must not be loaded or installed with downloaded software without the permission of the IT department.4.2. Copying SoftwareCopying of any software owned by Mo Tec Service Company is highly prohibited apart from copy for a backup copy.4.3 Reporting of Inci...

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Asian Cultures And American Cultures Essay - 2460 Words

Earth is bigger than what most people think; it consists of 7 continents, 7 seas, and 196 different countries. Taking that into consideration, our earth currently is supporting over 7 billion people worldwide. That is 7 billion people who are different and individuals who share different thoughts, ideas, backgrounds, and cultures. Cultures are very unique as they are different from country to country. Some adopt cultures that society accepts as the norm, while others adopt different types of cultures; cultures that not many people, especially those outside of the country, can see eye to eye and would sometimes find them rather ‘extreme’. When comparing Asian cultures and American cultures side by side, we can easily identify the many differences between the two. For one, Asian cultures are less open, more traditional and conservative in comparison to Americans. While Americans promote liberty, independence, and values individualism; Asian countries, on the other hand, ar e more fixated in keeping with the custom. Knowing this, it is not surprising to see Asian countries have a more rigid and structured form of society compared to the Western counterparts. The values, business structures and even priorities are different between the two and can easily be distinguished. Singapore is a good example of the contrasting differences and representation of the Asian cultures. Singapore: Singapore is a self-governing city-state located in Southeast Asia. It is one of the smallestShow MoreRelatedAsian Cultures And American Cultures Essay2452 Words   |  10 PagesCulture: Earth is bigger than what most people think; it consists of 7 continents, 7 seas, and 196 different countries. Taking that into consideration, our earth currently is supporting over 7 billion people worldwide. 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Modernity Is A Normal Part Of Daily Life That Has Made Its...

Modernity is a normal part of daily life that has made its way into religion. Modernity, disenchantment, and secularization, not only all intertwine and play a role in today’s changing society, but the first one acts as cause for the other two, through ideas such as the Secularization Thesis and secularism arising as part of the disenchanted world. Before explaining how, it is important to first discuss what modernity is. Michael Saler describes it as: â€Å"a mixture of political, social, intellectual, economic, technological, and psychological factors, several of which can be traced to earlier centuries and other cultures, which merged synergistically in the West between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. These factors include (but are not exhausted by) the emergence of the autonomous and rational subject; the differentiation of cultural spheres; the rise of liberal and democratic states; the turn to psychologism and self-reflexivity; and the dominance of secularism, nationalism, capitalism, industrialism, urbanism, consumerism, and scientism.† Essentially as an idea, modernity encompasses anything that has developed over the past few centuries and could be considered modern, getting away from a traditional way of life and transitioning into a modern way of life. Peter Berger best explained it with his â€Å"traveler on a plane† metaphor: The jet traveler goes by the airline schedules, moves quickly, and has many choices. 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Hiv, Aids, District Of Columbia - 1873 Words

HIV continues to be a global epidemic but the District of Columbia has seen its own epidemic with some of the highest rates of infection in the U.S. HIV/AIDS is a top health problem for health officials in the District of Columbia as many parts of the area face poverty, violence, and limited resources. This paper will introduce the HIV virus by discussing its brief history, the stages, and the current medication available. The District of Columbia will be the center of discussion as the reasons for the high rates; barriers to prevention, and prevention programs are discussed for this specific area and its population. The current prevention program and the measures of effectiveness will conclude this paper. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, District of Columbia HIV Epidemic Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or better known as HIV, has been in the United States since the mid to late 1970’s. HIV, if left untreated can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. 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The Night With No Sleep - 1073 Words

Ugh, another night with no sleep. ‘I had the dream about Barbara again† I told Lucy. ‘It’s alright, Honey† she reassured me. It had been six months since Barbara, my oldest daughter, went missing. She was a sophomore in college studying to be a physician. She just disappeared without any trace whatsoever. â€Å"I always get so close to finding her, and then I just wake up.† I exclaimed in depressed anger. â€Å"I know. Don’t let it get to you. We’ll find her.† she said. I was working at the office for days at a time trying to find clues to help me bring my princess home, But no matter how hard I searched, I couldn’t find anything. I always came to a dead end in my investigation. â€Å"I’m headed to the office, Honey.† I told Lucy, and left. On my way to work, I thought of every possible scenario as to where Barbara was, just like any other day. As I headed to my office, Jackson Reed, my co-worker, confronted me. â€Å"Hey Eug, I searched through the FBI database and had M.I. search for any disappearances that might connect to Barbara† He said almost eagerly â€Å"Oh yeah, did you find anything?† I questioned. â€Å"Get this, I found a few around the surrounding area, and most of the victims were college girls with brown hair, and most of them parted their hair in the middle† He exclaimed. That description sounded eerily similar to Barbara. Weeks went by, I talked to acquaintances of victims and almost every one of them said that the victims were last seen in the company of a moderately handsomeShow MoreRelatedDescription Of A Night Of Sleep Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesSnezhana Longwell RESP 240 September 12, 2016 During a night of sleep, we pass through 5 cycles, with 4 stages being non- rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and the last being rapid-eye movement sleep (REM). The sleep cycle follows a pattern where it starts over every 90 minutes.1 When in stage one, you are in a very light state of sleep, and you can be very easily awakened. Eye movement just starts to slow down and muscles begin to relax.2 Then entering stage two, brain waves become slowerRead MoreA Long Night Of Sleep1543 Words   |  7 PagesI wake up after what I thought was a long night of sleep, but based on how tired I feel I assume it wasn’t enough. Today it seems this feeling of everlasting exhaustion is nationwide, everyone relying on sugar and caffeine to wake them up, to keep them going. Some may even go as far as saying they have to have it, that it is a necessity, that they are addicted. Today and much into the past, coffee has been a common drink in the morning for all people so most don’t think twic e about what’s actuallyRead MoreNight Terrors And Sleep Nightmares1290 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A night terror or sleep terror is a very frightful event that a child and parents go through. Many parents who have a child who experiences night terrors have many questions. What is a night terror? How did he/she get night terrors? What are the symptoms? What can I do to stop night terrors? Those are many questions that parents and family members want answered by a doctor, psychologist or therapist. Unfortunately, they won t receive many answers Night terrors also knownRead MoreSleep Deprivation : A Better Night s Sleep2437 Words   |  10 Pagesinclined to get a better night’s sleep. Although the United States has a workforce that ranks 13th in the world in education ranking, as stated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which includes tertiary level education as well as educated adults, students, parents, and educators must be informed as to the dangers of sleep deprivation, outlining chronic ailments, as well as dangers in everyday life. Possible solutions and results of sleep deprivation will also be includedRead MoreNight Activities And Sleep Runs1570 Words   |  7 Pagesthe performance, appropriately ending the play in a puzzling state of confusion. The theme of night activities and sleep-runs are found throughout the play. The majority of the plot takes place at night, even the rehearsal for the farcical play. All the mishaps occur during the midnight hours and the confu sion is not cleared up until the next morning when the four lovers are discovered. This setting of night allows for the audience to drift into the idea that the entire show very well could have beenRead MoreA Good Night s Sleep876 Words   |  4 PagesSawyer began to stir from a good night’s sleep, which is rare due to her stress accumulated from her job. She instinctively reached to other side of the bed expecting to feel the warmth of human flesh. Opening her eyes only to confirm the vacant spot she sighed. She flipped to the other side to look at the alarm clock the resided on her nightstand, 7:52 it read, contemplating rather to try to go back to sleep or to get up. Choosing the latter, she sat up rolling her neck, stretching her stiff limbsRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Night At Sleep Essay2285 Words   |  10 PagesFriday night, my night to sleep. College football season was over, which meant that I had nothing to do the next morning. These were the kind of nights of sleep that I looked forward to. I crawled into bed around my usual time. With an e mpty house, a slight buzz from my glass of wine, and my Hans Zimmer music, a deep incredible night of sleep was inevitable. At the time, I had no idea just how true that was. Some people claim they do not remember the dreams that they had during the night. For meRead MoreHow Sleep Disorders Change a Day and Night1106 Words   |  5 Pagessomnipathy or more commonly known as a sleep disorder, which can affect a persons sleeping pattern if there are severe effects. There are many sleep disorders but the most common ones people know about are Insomnia, Sleep apnea, night terrors, and Narcolepsy. Amongst these four sleeping disorders, their effects could potentially cause pain to a person not only mentally but physically. Insomnia is â€Å" the most common of sleep disorders involving insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quicklyRead MoreHow Did You Sleep The Night Before?1570 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"How did you sleep the night before?† â€Å"Not the greatest. I had some strange nightmare† â€Å"Please explain.† â€Å"Well I saw my father and he looked kind of demonic or something and he attacked me.† â€Å"Attacked?† â€Å"Yes, it startled me somewhat† â€Å"Is this the first time you dreamt about him?† â€Å"Nah, it’s quite frequent actually† Adrian let me ask you something. Dr. Sprice leaned back in his chair. He examined him. He appeared to be somewhere in his mid-sixties with dark gray hair and glassy grey eyesRead MoreA Night Where I Didn t Sleep1983 Words   |  8 Pages I was having a night where I couldn t sleep. Earlier that afternoon, I had followed through with a short, painful conversation with my father over exactly what had happened earlier. Ana hadn t answered any of my phone calls or texts, but luckily, Tod had. I informed him of the ordeal, and much to my relief, he was alright. So... in that case, what could she have possibly meant by Too Late ? Closing my eyes, I let out a sigh. Of course I wasn t going to be able to sleep. Tomorrow was Tuesday

Prometheus Bound monologue from the play by Aeschylus Essay Example For Students

Prometheus Bound monologue from the play by Aeschylus Essay A monologue from the play by Aeschylus NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramas of Aeschylus. Trans. Anna Swanwick. London: George Bell and Sons, 1907. IO: I know not how I can deny your wish, So in clear word all ye desire to know That shall ye hear;Yet am I ashamed to tell Wherefore on me, forlorn one, burst the storm Heaven-sent and whence this form\s disfigurement. For evermore would nightly visions haunt My virgin chambers, gently urging me With soothing words;O damsel, highly blest, Why longer live in maidenhood when thee Wait loftiest nuptials? For by passion\s dart Inflamed is Zeus for thee and fain would share The yoke of Kypris. Spurn not thou, O child, The couch of Zeus, but to the grassy mead Of Lerna hie thee, to thy father\s herds And cattle-stalls, that so the eye of Zeus From longing may find respite. By such dreams From night to night still was I visited, Unhappy one; till, taking heart at length, My night-born visions to my sire I told. Then he to Pytho made a herald sent And to Dodona; seeking to be taught How best, by deed or word, to please the gods. But they returned, announcing oracles Of riddling import, vague and hard to spell. At length to Inachos came clear response, By voice oracular commanding him From home and father-land to thrust me forth, At large to range, as consecrate to heaven, Far as earth\s utmost bounds. Should he refuse, From Zeus would come the fiery thunderbold, And his whole race extirpate utterly. Then yielding to such Loxian Oracles, He drove me forth, and barred me from his home, Against his will and mine; but, forcefully, The curb of Zeus constrained him this to do. Forthwith my shape and mind distorted were, And horned, as ye behold me, goaded on By gad-fly, keen of fang, with frenzied bounds I to Kerchneias\ limpid current rush\d, And found of Lerna. Then the earth-born herdsman, Hot-tempered Argos, ever dogged my steps, Gazing upon me with his myriad eyes. But him a sudden and unlooked-for fate Did reave of life; but I, brize-tortured, still Before the scorge divine am driven on From land to land; the past thou hearest; now If thou canst tell my future toils, say on, Nor, pity-moved, soothe me with lying tales, For garbled words, I hold, are basest ills.

Cultural Sensitivity towards Women-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How to handle cultural sensitive situations in a health care system. 2.How inadequate competencies,training and skills can effect patient safety. Answers: Introduction The current assignment deals with the concept of handling and management of cultural sensitive situations within a health and care setup. This is dependent upon the skills sets and competencies possessed by the employees. The following problems have been drafted into the following thesis statements. Thesis statement 1: Handling cultural sensitive situations within a healthcare setup Thesis statement 2: Effect of inadequate competency, lack of training and skills affecting the safety of the patients Theme A1: Cultural sensitivity towards women Objectives: To critically evaluate the effect of cultural paradoxes on the health beliefs of an individual To understand the effect social myths in receiving and utilising optimum health and care services To recommend peer support for addressing the different cultural attributes of health care in girls and women Sub-theme: Effect of cultural practices on health beliefs of an individual As commented by Provost et al. (2015), the different mythical paradigms patronised within different set of cultures can have a huge effect on the individual perceptions about health, illness and disease in a patient. Research question: What are the effects produced by cultural paradoxes in affecting health perceptions of girls? Cultural and spiritual attributes also shapes the resilience level possessed by a patient with respect to the handling and management of pain. Young women with string spiritual connection seem to respond to the handling of pain with a positive attitude (Renzaho et al. 2013). Research question: How does spiritual inclination provide additional pain resilience to the patients? The social myths can act as barrier where patients donot want to seek medical help or are hesitant to approach the medical experts with their problems which they would refer to as private (Dewing Dijk, 2016). Research Question: What are the barriers offered by social myths in accepting medical help by girls? Sub-theme: Social myths as barrier to healthcare As commented by Broom et al. (2014) irrational fear inflicted in the minds of the naive young girls often prevent them from approaching the medical expertise. Research question: How can fear affect the minds of patient receiving health care services? Lack of sufficient support from the friends and family members of the care user can act as a hindrance (Sabin et al. 2015) Research question: How can support from friends and families affect the outlook in patients receiving healthcare services? Economic instability might also prevent the ones in need of health care and support from approaching the relevant health mediating channels (Vissandje et al. 2014). Research question: How can unstable economy affect women health and infrastructure within a country? Sub theme: peer support in health care practices As mentioned by Barrett et al. (2017), people incline towards peer support because of its humanizing effect of care. Research question: How can peer support bring about positive changes within the health and care setup? As asserted by Barrett et al. (2017), the peer support helps in the establishment of autonomy by developing a much more fluid and transparent relationship between the support providers and the support users. Research question: How does peer support helps in the establishment of service autonomy? Theme B1: Peer support in removing social obstacles in health care Theme C1: Analysing and evaluation of social obstacles in health care 2.Theme A2 : Perils of inadequate competency in healthcare Objectives: To critically evaluate the cause of lack of skills and competency within a care setup To design strategies for managing the dearth of skills within a care framework. To address the challenges faced in meeting with the service demands within a disputable environment Sub-theme: Effects produced by lack of skills within a care setup As commented by slade et al. (2014), lacking sufficient competency might result in trust issues, where the patient might not be ready to lean on the support providers. Question: How can lack of training in health care professional result in trust issues in the patients? Lacks of skills often possess hindrance to the multidisciplinary approach to be used in care management (Vissandje et al. 2014). Question: what are the effects produced by lack of skills in adopting a multidisciplinary approach? Inadequate competency and inability to comprehend cultural feelings of the support users might result in a situation of direct conflict (Renzaho et al. 2013). Question: How to avoid conflict situations arising out of cultural sensitivity in a healthcare setup? Sub-theme: lack of skills in establishment of a multidisciplinary approach As mentioned by Stellefson et al. (2013) lacking skills prevents a health care professional from weighing out the alternatives Question: How can multidisciplinary approach help in designing the alternatives? The absence of required amount of competencies can affect the services quality and standards Question: How can lack of skills affect the quality of services in health care setup? Effective communication approaches can help in meeting the requirements of the services (Naslund et al. 2016). Question: what are some of the effective communication strategies which could be adopted in a care set up? Sub theme: Challenges faced in meeting the service requirements Lack of communication skills may result in difficulties in understanding the service requirements (Kress et al. 2015). Question: what required communication strategies need to be established within a care setup? As commented by Provost et al. (2015), gender sensitization can often prevent some of the support users from availing care and support services. Question: How can gender sensitization affect the success of care and support services for young girls? Theme B2: Benefits of multidisciplinary approach in providing the health alternatives Theme C2: Removing gender paradigms and biases within the health care environment. Conclusion Contributions: The current literature can help in elucidating some of the alternate and multidisciplinary approaches, which could be used within the health and care setup in order to meet he different cultural needs. strengths: The present literature can help in removing the social obstacles along with the establishment of a person centred approach through peer groups. weaknesses: Lack of sufficient support and economic help from the government can deter the achievement of the required objectives. gaps /Loopholes: The literature fails to take into consideration the views or apprehensions possessed by the patients towards the contemporary health care setup. future implications: The research can help in addressing some of the vital challenges faced within the contemporary health and care setup. This includes cultural biases and hindrances often faced by a particular gender. In this context, the consultation for health problems suffered by women is still restricted by different cultures across the globe. The same could be attributed to additional amount of resistance offered by strategic social parameters or lack of subconscious or general motivation from peer groups. References Barrett, A. N., Advani, H. V., Chitty, L. S., Su, L. L., Biswas, A., Tan, W. C., ... Choolani, M. (2017). Evaluation of preferences of women and healthcare professionals in Singapore for implementation of noninvasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome.Singapore medical journal,58(6), 298. Broom, A., Broom, J., Kirby, E. (2014). Cultures of resistance? A Bourdieusian analysis of doctors' antibiotic prescribing.Social science medicine,110, 81-88. Cooper, J. M., Dollarhide, C. T., Radliff, K. M., Gibbs, T. A. (2014). No lone wolf: A multidisciplinary approach to creating safe schools for LGBTQ youth through the development of allies.Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling,8(4), 344-360. Dewing, J., Dijk, S. (2016). What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? A literature review.Dementia,15(1), 106-124. Kangovi, S., Barg, F. K., Carter, T., Levy, K., Sellman, J., Long, J. A., Grande, D. (2014). Challenges faced by patients with low socioeconomic status during the post-hospital transition.Journal of general internal medicine,29(2), 283-289. Kierans, C., Padilla-Altamira, C., Garcia-Garcia, G., Ibarra-Hernandez, M., Mercado, F. J. (2013). When health systems are barriers to health care: challenges faced by uninsured Mexican kidney patients.PloS one,8(1), e54380. Kress, H. G., Aldington, D., Alon, E., Coaccioli, S., Collett, B., Coluzzi, F., ... Mangas, A. C. (2015). A holistic approach to chronic pain management that involves all stakeholders: change is needed.Current medical research and opinion,31(9), 1743-1754. Lansdowne, N., Brenton-Rule, A., Carroll, M., Rome, K. (2015). Perceived barriers to the management of foot health in patients with rheumatic conditions.Journal of foot and ankle research,8(1), 14. Lgar, F., Thompson-Leduc, P. (2014). Twelve myths about shared decision making.Patient education and counseling,96(3), 281-286. Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Marsch, L. A., Bartels, S. J. (2016). The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences,25(2), 113-122. Provost, S. M., Lanham, H. J., Leykum, L. K., McDaniel Jr, R. R., Pugh, J. (2015). Health care huddles: Managing complexity to achieve high reliability.Health care management review,40(1), 2-12. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Renzaho, A. M. N., Romios, P., Crock, C., Snderlund, A. L. (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(3), 261-269. Sabin, J. A., Riskind, R. G., Nosek, B. A. (2015). Health care providers implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men.American journal of public health,105(9), 1831-1841. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Vissandje, B., Denetto, S., Migliardi, P., Proctor, J. (2014). Female genital cutting (FGC) and the ethics of care: community engagement and cultural sensitivity at the interface of migration experiences.BMC international health and human rights,14(1), 13

Essay on the Comairnets First Flight

Essay on the Comairnet's First FlightA rhetorical analysis sample essay on the Comairnet's first flight should be clear, grammatically correct and coherent. It should also show the proper evaluation of the event and it should fit the taste of a student who is searching for an essay on a certain subject for a test.With the help of this essay, a student could gain entry into a competition if he has done all that he required in paragraph writing and sentence comprehension. However, he has to ensure that his essay matches the standards of the competition and the questions of the students, otherwise, he will not be a part of their list.The Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay on the Comairnet's first flight will have to include a reasonable explanation of how the Comair succeeded to carry out its first flight. While it may seem that there are a number of explanations for this, it is possible to succeed without them. A student could explain the reasons behind the actual event, but this will no t guarantee him a spot in the top five.It must be remembered that there are two factors which decide the outcome of any activity and these are the plan and the objectives. The student should consider the results of his plans before going into an activity. An instructor may want to ensure the student knows exactly what they need to do in order to do well in a competition. Therefore, a student should focus on completing the activities accurately before launching his campaign to be in the competition.The second section of the Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay on the Comairnet's first flight will have to deal with what the student has achieved. This is the moment when the student considers how they could have benefited from their efforts. There will be many elements that play a role in this final section, however, he should take a look at each of them and then propose a small contribution to all of them.The discussion of each of the elements of the essay should be as specific as possible because this will then bring out the statement highlights. A well-written statement highlighting all of the changes that the student has done should be given emphasis and then everything else is kept out of the discussion. It is important that the analysis comes up with every detail in order to achieve this.The conclusion of the Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay on the Comairnet's first flight must address the conclusion of the discussion and then it has to come up with a conclusion of one of the following types. Either the student has succeeded in accomplishing what he set out to do or they have failed in their attempt. A suggestion that could be followed would be to adopt the option that the student has failed in their endeavor.The Rhetorical Analysis Sample Essay on the Comairnet's first flight should be able to give an insight into the events that the student has undergone and the results that he has obtained. It should be organized and should have been noted down correctly.

Wharton to Offer Free Online MBA Program Essay Example

Wharton to Offer Free Online MBA Program Paper Free online MBA program is something that you can only imagine to find these days given that the programs are really expensive. Wharton Business School decided to offer bigger piece of its studies fully online and for free. If you were waiting for such opportunity now it’s your chance to grab it while you can. This would make Wharton the first business school that offers online program completely for free. The only thing you need here is time and you’ll get part of the same education that MBA students are getting today. The difference here is that you are not required to pay anything. Wharton already has its own Coursera platform that offers 5 electives. From now on, you can search for its brand new Foundation platform that is designed from few courses. These courses are from the field in operations management, corporate marketing, financial accounting, and marketing. This free online MBA program will be presented and taught by Wharton’s senior professors. All courses will be served to you through recorded lectures and will give you couple of exercises during the process. The length of the courses is ranging between 6 and 10 weeks and you will need 8 hours during the week for each one of them. Operation management already started yesterday (September 30th) and the interval between courses is 2 weeks. According to the managing director of Wharton, Don Huesman, all students who will enroll to this free online MBA program will gain great knowledge. They will learn the basics and the courses are only a replication of what the first year students learn in paid MBA courses. The students who are paying to get online MBA program education need to complete 9 courses. Four of these courses are now available online for free and six other electives. We will write a custom essay sample on Wharton to Offer Free Online MBA Program specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wharton to Offer Free Online MBA Program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wharton to Offer Free Online MBA Program specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Students interested to enroll to this program can follow the course without any additional requirements and work. However, for those who are more committed into getting the proper education, there are many homework, readings, quizzes, etc. If you need a certification that you have completed the course, this free online MBA program offers you verifiable certificate for completing it. You need to pay $49 in order to enroll the â€Å"signature track† and you’ll get the proper verification at the end. According to Huesman, this free online MBA program can be used by many students to see what kinds of lessons are included into the real program. This could represent a test for them in order to see if this program is what they have been searching for and is Wharton the best school for getting wider education. You must be wondering why Wharton is doing this. The answer could be simple, because they tend to show their real face to many professionals why they need to pick Wharton. Through this education given for free, the students can see if Wharton is the right pick or not. Wharton already has a long history of successful students who took their online MBA programs. There are many great and successful degree programs which are more expensive and require more time and commitment. Thousands of professionals have enrolled Wharton’s online MBA program and many more will get these new and free offer. You won’t get all business skills from this free online MBA program, but you’ll get the chance to see what you can expect when you enroll to their full-time online MBA courses.

Adaptability to Cultural Change Essay Example

Adaptability to Cultural Change Essay Example Adaptability to Cultural Change Paper Adaptability to Cultural Change Paper Adaptability to cultural change plays a crucial role in the selection of expatriates. This paper provides an overview of the impact of cultural environment on expatriates, how expatriates suffer from cultural distance, which results in cultural shock, the inability to adapt to new environment. It then further discusses the coping strategies characterized by socio-cultural and psychological adjustments and characteristics candidates should possess for foreign assignments, and finally some important criteria are given for the determination of candidates. Influence of cultural environment on expatriates  The selection of an expatriate manager for a global assignment could be strongly influenced by the type of cultural environment to which the individual will be assigned (Harvey, 1996). Harvey Novicevic (2001) state that the cultural distance between the home and host countries needs to be assessed in the expatriate selection process because it affects the nature of the expatriate task. They note that it is significantly more difficult for expatriates to contribute to the expertise of foreign operations if the cultures of the two countries are too dissimilar. As noted by Gomez-Mejita and Palich (1997), cultural distance is measured as a composite index of Hofstedes cultural dimensions. Cultural distance affects an expatriates understanding of decision-making processes, work values, negotiation patterns, wholly owned subsidiaries, and fairness in reciprocity (1997). Also, Kashlak (1999) indicates that the degree of cultural distance will influence performance ambiguity and task definition. As a result, an expatriates task programmability and performance measurability will be inversely related to the cultural distance (Harvey Novicevic, 2001). Stone (2002) finds that most expatriates living overseas experience culture shock as the result of stress overload. Culture shock, according to Harzing Ruysseveldt (1995, p126), is a multifaceted experience resulting from numerous stressors occurring in contact with a different culture. Research (cited in Hodgetts Luthans, 2003) shows that many managers are exhilarated at the beginning of their overseas assignment. It indicates many of the most effective international managers encounter frustration and feel confused in their new environment, which may results in the improper implementing of company strategies. Adapting to a new environment  Mendenhall Oddou (1994) discover that the top two reasons of expatriate failure in U.S. multinationals, which are the managers inability to cope with a different physical or cultural environment, and inability of the managers spouse to adjust to a different physical or cultural environment. Stones study also found that both managers and expatriate managers perceive the essential selection as being the expatriates ability to adapt and adaptability of the spouse and family (Stone, 2002). Caligiuri (cited in Hodgetts Luthans, 2003), after examining how nationals help expatriates adjust, has reported that certain types of personality characteristics are important in this process. In particular, her findings suggest that greater contact with host national helps with cross-cultural adjustment when the person also possesses the personality trait of openness; she also found that sociability was directly related to effective adjustment (Hodgetts Luthans, 2003). In research recently conducted among expatriates in China, Selmar (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) found that those who were best able to deal with their new situation had developed coping strategies characterized by socio-cultural and psychological adjustments including: feeling comfortable that their work challenges can be met, being able to adjust to their new living conditions, learning how to interact well with host-country nationals outside of work, and feeling reasonably happy and being able to enjoy ones day-to-day activities. Guodu Michael Tucker (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) of Tucker international has studied expatiate assignments since 1973. His research with thousands of expatriates identifies six basic characteristics that distinguish those who adapt well to a new society. They are acceptance, knowledge, positive emotions, lifestyle, interaction, and communication. Michael (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) states that the task facing managers who select expatriates is to find people who will exhibit these six characteristics. With these characters, she notes, expatriates can successfully decrease their tress lever, understand behavior of foreigners, and effectively interact with others. Selection criteria  Since expatriates confront many new challenges both in the workplace and the foreign society, expatriate selection is much more difficult than the selection of personnel for a position in the home country (Raymond J. Stone, 2002). Hodgetts Luthans (2003) state that overseas managers need a degree of cultural toughness. Organizations examine a number of characteristics in determining whether an individual is sufficiently adaptable. Examples include work experiences with culture other than ones own, previous overseas travel, knowledge of foreign languages (fluency generally is not necessary), and recent immigration background or heritage. Others include: The ability to integrate with difference people, cultures, and types of business organizations; The ability to sense developments in the host country and accurately evaluate them; The ability to solve problems within different frameworks and from different perspectives; Sensitivity to the fine print of differences of culture, politics, religion, and ethics; And flexibility in managing operations on a continuous basis despite lack of assistance and gaps in information. These criteria, explained by Hodgetts Luthans (2003) are essential in the process of international HR selection. They note that organizations may be aware of the importance of such factors, but give them little weight in the actual selection process. However, people with those abilities are most likely to succeed in the foreign assignment. To accomplish the task, Tucker (cited in Schell Solomon, 1997) developed an assessment instrument called the Oversea Assignment Inventory (OAI), a tool that identifies and measures 14 predictors of success on a foreign assignment. Part of the predictors include expectations, open-mindedness, respect for other beliefs, social adaptability, spouse communication, interpersonal interest, Sense of Humor. According to Tuckers research, different country has different preference for the OAI criteria. For example, candidates considered for assignment to Malaysia are required to have high degree in the area of respecting for others, spouse communication, and sense of humor. On the other hand, assignments in Saudi Arabia highlight the characteristics of Open-mindedness, and tolerance (Schell Solomon, 1997). Conclusion Culture environment could strongly influence expatriate manager for global assignment. Researches show that one of the top reasons for failure of international managers is their inability to adapt to a new environment. Many of them, including the most effective international mangers, suffer from culture shock because of the culture distance among countries. Some personality characteristics and coping strategies are found to be critical for expatriates to conquer cultural barriers, such as open-mindedness, acceptance, etc. Based on these researches, various criteria are provided in the paper for international human resource selection. References: Gomez-Mejita, L. and Palich, L. (1997), Cultural diversity and the performance of multinational firms, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 309-35. Hamilton, R.D. and Kashlak, R.J. (1999), National influences on multinational corporation control system selection, Management International Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 167-89. Harvey, M. (1996), The selection of managers for foreign assignments: a planning perspective, The Columbia Journal of World Business, Winter, pp. 102-18.

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Response paper - Essay Example Ultimately, it is the view of this student that the choice to diversify into the economy market is a positive one. Essentially, this decision is based upon the fact that unless a firm is continually growing and seeking to diversify its new markets, it risks becoming irrelevant and shrinking. Likewise, relying upon the cash cows that have provided the sustenance of this company into the foreseeable future is not a tenable business plan that can likely continue to promote further success. In terms of what the CEO might actually think of these arguments, it is likely that he will be hesitant to risk company profitability and productivity based upon a product that has not sufficiently been analyzed, tested, or room for market space determined. Nevertheless, he will likely be intrigued by the possibility of engaging this particular product line and production with relatively low startup costs and without a great deal of investment in machinery or

Academic Skills of Essays and Report Writing Essay

Academic Skills of Essays and Report Writing - Essay Example This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the possibility of academic skills in report writing and essays increasing one’s employability and making them more competitive in the global market.Apart from being knowledgeable, many employers will always want people with critical thinking abilities. In fact, some employers will even prefer critical thinkers to knowledgeable employees. Due to the fact that writing reports and essays usually involve critical thinking one’s critical thinking abilities are always improved in the process. Â  Critical thinking can be defined as a reflective and purposeful analysis, which leads to conclusions that had not been reached before. Â  One reason as to why report and essay writing can be said to enhance critical thinking is the fact that through such processes students usually interact with different perspectives. This makes them able to view situations from various perspectives. Having numerous perspectives will mean that you are a ble to give more than one possible solutions to issues in the field.Some people might have some concept, but fail to present the concept in a manner that it will be easily understood. No employer will be willing to employ an employee who does not know how to present his or her information in a manner that is clear and easily understandable. This is the reason as to why report and essay writing can be of importance in increasing one’s employability. Â  When one is involved in the essay and report writing processes one will definitely be in a position to know how to present concepts in a manner that they can easily make sense. If one is not able to present concepts and ideas in a way that some meaning can be deduced from them, then the concepts and ideas are as good as non-existent. This is because it would not be of any help to the organization.

Business Across Borders Essay Example for Free

Business Across Borders Essay In the business world today, borders are blending and multi-national mergers are causing many company nationalities to become indistinct. As the globalization of markets rapidly increases, many companies are finding international expansion a necessity of competition. North America is greatly affected by this movement towards a global market, and many companies are finding it extremely important to adapt to other cultures. Favorable trade agreements and explosive growth of the middle class in countries once considered underdeveloped have both been important factors in the rush towards globalization. However, the most important factor in increased globalization has been technological advancements, including new transportation and information technologies. Presentation of information is more frequently processed by members of a virtual team a work group not necessarily in the same geographical location. With the proliferation of e-mail, videoconferencing, fax machine, and the telephone, virtual teaming is becoming increasingly efficient. The most considerable obstructions to successful international marketing involve misinterpretations and contrary views resulting from cultural differences. Being both aware of some of these issues and prepared to make the necessary accommodations can save companies time, effort, and a considerable amount of money. Exploring Context Context is described as the most important dimension of culture and yet is the most difficult to define. Context refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambiance surrounding an event. Communication styles and business practices as a whole are often identified with the context of a country. North American, Scandinavian, and German communicators are generally considered to be low-context cultures. They expect a high level of detail in their visua,l verbal and written communication. Low-context cultures tend to  be analytical, logical and find words and contracts very important. Individualism, freedom and personal achievement are highly valued by these cultures. High-context cultures, such as Japan, China, Arabia, tend to assume the receiver does not need much background. Information and words are not as important as what is surrounding the situation. They are more aware of a communicators status, interpersonal relationships, the setting, and ambiance when conducting business relations. In general, tradition and social customs are more important in high-context cultures. These cultures emphasize membership in organizations and groups. Because they avoid confrontation, they frown upon individual decision making and prefer consensus. Relationships In many countries personal relationships are the key to success. It is important to not expect to get down to business right away, but rather get to know a person first. In Mexico, for example, business deals are only made with friends, so one must develop a friendship with any business partner. It is considered polite to ask personal questions about family, and also to answer any questions about your family. Discussions are warm and friendly. In Japan it is unlikely to get very far without connections. Carefully chosen intermediaries are a necessity. Not only will the Japanese feel obliged to be loyal to them, but rank of ones associates will determine their status as well. A Japanese businessman will always consult within his group before making a decision. Because of their intense loyalty, ones identity is subsumed into the group. It is important to never single out a Japanese counterpart, even for praise or encouragement. Contrarily, the Spaniards have a hierarchy style of management and it is best to deal with el jefe or el pardon-the one who will be making the decision. Spaniards also will expect whomever they are dealing with to have decisions-making authority. Saving Face When dealing with Spain or most Asian cultures, it is also critical to understand the concept of saving face. Any loss of control of emotions or embarrassment is considered disastrous in business negotiations in these cultures. Honor and personal pride mean everything and they must not be insulted. Because of this attitude it is very important to carefully prepare presentations so that they are easy for the audience to understand. Paying close attention to determine if anything is misunderstood during the presentation is also a must. Because of this concept of saving face the presenter will not know if they are having difficulties. Close attention must be paid to conversations in order to discern the sincerity of what is being said. In Japan, a deal is never refused directly, and any dealings with Japanese business culture should remain indirect. Business Cards In nearly all countries, it is important that business cards be printed one side in English, and the other in their language. When presenting the card, it should be presented with their language facing the recipient. In Japan, the exchange of business cards is not to be taken lightly. When you receive the card of a Japanese businessman, be sure to make a show of examining it carefully and then making a remark about the card. Ask any questions about anything on the card which is difficult to pronounce or understand. The card should then be placed in a case or on a near by table. A card shouldnt be shoved into a pocket or be written on. Concepts of Time Time orientation is an important cultural difference that Americans must pay close attention to. In America, time is viewed as a precious commodity. Time is related with productivity, efficiency, and money. Many other countries have a much more relaxed perception of time. They take their time, and enjoy it. In Mexico you can ask if a scheduled appointment is en punto (the precise time), or mas o menos. Mas o menos appointments are often scheduled a half an hour to an hour before the actual time. With both  Mexican and Japanese cultures it is also important not to expect instant results. Plenty of time should be allowed for contemplation and decision making. In Mexico it is important to adjust any expectations regarding deadlines and efficiency. Conclusion Doing business over borders and through time zones has become commonplace in the twenty-first century. Technological advancements in communication and travel make it possible to do business across the globe almost instantaneously. Doing business with multiple cultures can be a challenging venture. International communication skills of an organization can determine success or failure. In order to interact with different cultures, it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of the culture. This type of understanding helps to make adjustments and accommodations. We must rid our minds of pre-conceived notions, stereotypes, and prejudices. It is imperative that one be knowledgeable about such topics as: context, traditions, social rules, etc. It is equally important to possess competent listening skills and to be aware of ones own nonverbal messages. The ability to adapt to an intercultural perspective is probably one of the most crucial aspects of doing business in todays global village. Bibliography Sellin, Robert H. J and Elaine Winters. Cultural Issues in Business Communication. Berkeley: Program Facilitating and Consulting, 2000. Guffey, Mary Ellen. Business Communication: Process and Product, 4th ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, 2003 Etiquette and Local Customs. The Travelers Yellow Pages Online. http://www.infoservices.com/stpete/342.htm. InfoServices International, Inc., 2002 What to Know Before Negotiting Execitive Planet.com. http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-culture.html.

Classical Management Theory Essay -- Classical Management Theories Ess

Classical Management Theory Early Management Theories Early Theories of Organizations emerged mainly for military and Catholic Church. The metaphor of the machine was dominant, where organizations are viewed as machines. Therefore, the organizational application was, since workers behave predictably (as machines do rarely deviate from the norm), management knows what to expect, and workers operating outside expectations are replaced. Classical Management Theories There are three well-established theories of classical management: Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, Fayol?s Administrative Theory, Weber?s Theory of Bureaucracy. Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones. Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, U.S.A Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) ?The Father of Scientific Management?. Scientific Management theory arose from the need to increase productivity in the U.S.A. especially, where skilled labor was in short supply at the beginning of the twentieth century. The only way to expand productivity was to raise the efficiency of workers. Taylor devised four principles for scientific management theory, which were: 1. The development of a true science of management, 2. The scientific selection and training of workers, 3. Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work 4. Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager Limitations of The Theory of Scientific Management: Although it maximized efficiency and productivity but its main limitation was ignoring human aspects of employment. This is manifested in the following: ? Some workers and unions opposed this theory because they feared that working harder or faster would exhaust whatever work was available, causing layoffs. ? Objection to the "speed up" conditions that placed undue pressures on employees to perform at faster levels, some managers exploited both workers and customers. ? Reducing worker?s role to a rigid adherence to compulsory methods and procedures. ? The increased fragmentation of work due to its emphasis on divisional labor . ? Economically based approach to the motivation of employees . ? It put planning and control of workplace activities only in the hands of managers. ... ...Late 1980's: renewed interest in organizational climate and groups Late 1980's: rise of participatory management techniques known by such terms as Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). 1986: first ruling by U.S. Supreme Court on subject of sexual harassment Late 1980's: work stress received increasing attention in I/O research, theory, and practice Balancing work and family lives received increasing attention. References: - Organisation and Management of Health Care, April 2002, Version 2.0 , Main Contributor: Katie Enock, Public Health Specialist, Harrow Primary Care Trust www.healthknowledge.org.uk - Henri Rayol Industrial and General Administration, J.A.Caubrough, trans.(Geneva International Management Institute, 1930) - http://www.northstar.k12.ak.us/schools/ryn/projects/inventors/taylor/taylor.html - http://www.survey-software-solutions.com/walonick/organizational-theory.htm - http://www.glass-time.com/gainsharing/Motivation.html - http://www.mtsu.edu/~pmccarth/io_hist.htm - http://home.eclions.net/mbobic/Version17.htm - http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/fayol.html - http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Weber/WEBRPER.HTML Classical Management Theory Essay -- Classical Management Theories Ess Classical Management Theory Early Management Theories Early Theories of Organizations emerged mainly for military and Catholic Church. The metaphor of the machine was dominant, where organizations are viewed as machines. Therefore, the organizational application was, since workers behave predictably (as machines do rarely deviate from the norm), management knows what to expect, and workers operating outside expectations are replaced. Classical Management Theories There are three well-established theories of classical management: Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, Fayol?s Administrative Theory, Weber?s Theory of Bureaucracy. Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones. Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, U.S.A Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) ?The Father of Scientific Management?. Scientific Management theory arose from the need to increase productivity in the U.S.A. especially, where skilled labor was in short supply at the beginning of the twentieth century. The only way to expand productivity was to raise the efficiency of workers. Taylor devised four principles for scientific management theory, which were: 1. The development of a true science of management, 2. The scientific selection and training of workers, 3. Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work 4. Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager Limitations of The Theory of Scientific Management: Although it maximized efficiency and productivity but its main limitation was ignoring human aspects of employment. This is manifested in the following: ? Some workers and unions opposed this theory because they feared that working harder or faster would exhaust whatever work was available, causing layoffs. ? Objection to the "speed up" conditions that placed undue pressures on employees to perform at faster levels, some managers exploited both workers and customers. ? Reducing worker?s role to a rigid adherence to compulsory methods and procedures. ? The increased fragmentation of work due to its emphasis on divisional labor . ? Economically based approach to the motivation of employees . ? It put planning and control of workplace activities only in the hands of managers. ... ...Late 1980's: renewed interest in organizational climate and groups Late 1980's: rise of participatory management techniques known by such terms as Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). 1986: first ruling by U.S. Supreme Court on subject of sexual harassment Late 1980's: work stress received increasing attention in I/O research, theory, and practice Balancing work and family lives received increasing attention. References: - Organisation and Management of Health Care, April 2002, Version 2.0 , Main Contributor: Katie Enock, Public Health Specialist, Harrow Primary Care Trust www.healthknowledge.org.uk - Henri Rayol Industrial and General Administration, J.A.Caubrough, trans.(Geneva International Management Institute, 1930) - http://www.northstar.k12.ak.us/schools/ryn/projects/inventors/taylor/taylor.html - http://www.survey-software-solutions.com/walonick/organizational-theory.htm - http://www.glass-time.com/gainsharing/Motivation.html - http://www.mtsu.edu/~pmccarth/io_hist.htm - http://home.eclions.net/mbobic/Version17.htm - http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/fayol.html - http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Weber/WEBRPER.HTML